Experimental investigation of photoresistor response to light intensity with applications in STEM

Abstract

The integration of sensor technologies into STEM education requires simple and accessible experimental models for studying photoconductivity, which is the key principle behind photoresistors. The aim of this study is to investigate how the electrical resistance of a photoresistor depends on light intensity and to develop a STEM-based learning model based on these results.An experimental model of an automated lighting system was developed, including a light-dependent resistor (LDR), a relay module, and an LED light source.  The results show that as light intensity increases, the resistance of the photoresistor decreases, while the current increases and the relay is activated. These results are consistent with the theory of photoconductivity. Based on the experimental results, a STEM learning model is proposed that combines physical concepts, basic engineering design, and data analysis. The novelty of the study lies in combining experimental work with STEM teaching methods. The proposed model can be used as an affordable and practical tool to develop students’ research and engineering skills.